effects of drugs essays

impacts of medications papers Hello! To begin my introduction, (shut off lights) close your eyes, everybody think about a charming encounter... strolling on the sea shore, snuggling with a sweetheart or sweetheart, eating chocolate cake... Feel the delight Biologically, you are discharging dopamine into the amygdala area of your mind. Receptor destinations open up to get the compound and cause that joy some portion of your cerebrum to fire. Stunning, isnt that pleasant! Most medications do precisely this, yet at substantially more power. They cause enormous measures of dopamine to flood the amygdala locale. Today, I am doing my introduction on the impacts of medications on the cerebrum. Despite the fact that medications impact our body in various manners, it most appalling impacts our mind. Medications of misuse are important devices for cerebrum capacities since they can copy or square activities of synapses, which consequently impacts our homeostasis and conduct. On the off chance that your inquisitive, medications of misuse extend from liquor, to nicotine, to cannabis, to cocaine, and so on. We have a particular district in our cerebrum, called the amygdala locale. This area directs our sentiment of joy and can be actuated by medications of misuse. Medications of misuse produce the sentiment of delight since they adjust the synapse dopamine, a significant mind substance. Most medications increment the arrival of dopamine from the neurons, this causes us to feel great (reward us). The expanded dopamine levels give tranquilize abusers the surge or a high that they appreciate for a brief timeframe. The sentiments of joy the medication makes just goes on for a brief timeframe, however medications can cause changes in the mind that keep going an extremely significant time-frame. Medications may adjust synaptic transmission by legitimately influencing the receptors. A few medications actuate receptors, for example, the THC, the primary psychoactive substance in pot, while others square them, for example, cocaine and amphetamines. The neural connection is very perplexing, there are an assortment of locales at which medications may impact synaptic ... <!

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 19

Matt was thumping at the Bryces' entryway, with Elena next to him. Elena had masked herself by stuffing all her hair into a Virginia Cavaliers baseball top and wearing wraparound shades from one of Stefan's drawers. She was additionally wearing an over-enormous maroon and naval force Pendleton shirt gave by Matt, and some Meredith's grown out of pants. She felt sure that nobody who had known the old Elena Gilbert could ever perceive her, dressed this way. The entryway opened gradually to uncover not Mr. or then again Mrs. Bryce, nor Jim, yet Tamra. She was wearing †well, near nothing. She had on a strap two-piece base, yet it looked carefully assembled, as though she'd cut an ordinary swimsuit base with scissors †and it was starting to fall apart. On top she had two round adornments made of cardboard with sequins glued on and a couple of strands of shaded tinsel. On her head she wore a paper crown, which was unmistakably where she'd gotten the tinsel. She'd made an endeavor to stick strands onto the swimsuit bottoms also. The outcome appeared as though what it was: a kid's endeavor to make an outfit for a Las Vegas showgirl or stripper. Matt promptly convoluted and stood confronting endlessly, however Tami gave herself wholeheartedly to him and put herself to his back. â€Å"Matt Honey-butt,† she cooed. â€Å"You returned. I realized you would. Be that as it may, why'd you carry this revolting old prostitute with you? In what manner can we †â€Å" Elena ventured forward, at that point, since Matt had spun with his hand up. She was certain that Matt had never struck a female in his life, particularly a kid, however he was likewise over-delicate around a couple of subjects. Like her. Elena figured out how to get among Matt and the shockingly solid Tamra. She needed to shroud a grin while mulling over Tami's outfit. All things considered, just a couple of days back, she hadn't comprehended the human bareness untouchable by any means. Presently she got it, yet it didn't appear to be close to as significant as it once had. Individuals were brought into the world with their own impeccably great skins on. There was no genuine explanation, in her brain, to wear bogus skins over those, except if it was cold or some way or another awkward without them. In any case, society said that to be bare was to be evil. Tami was attempting to be underhanded, in her own silly way. â€Å"Get your hands off me, you old whore,† Tamra growled as Elena held her away from Matt, and afterward she included a few rather protracted interjections. â€Å"Tami, where are your folks? Where's your brother?† Elena said. She disregarded the disgusting words †they were simply sounds †yet observed that Matt had gone white around the lips. â€Å"You apologize to Elena at the present time! Apologize for talking that way!† he requested. â€Å"Elena's a smelling cadaver with worms in her eye sockets,† Tamra sang talkatively. â€Å"But my companion says she was a prostitute when she was alive. A real† †a string of four-letter words that made Matt pant †â€Å"cheap whore.You know. Nothing's less expensive than something that comes free.† â€Å"Matt, simply don't pay any attention,† Elena said softly, and she rehashed, â€Å"Where are your folks and Jim?† The appropriate response was covered with more swearwords, yet it added up to the story †honest or not †that Mr. also, Mrs. Bryce had left on an extended get-away for a couple of days, and that Jim was with his better half, Isobel. â€Å"Okay, at that point, I surmise I'll simply need to assist you with getting into some progressively better than average clothes,† Elena said. â€Å"First, I think you need a shower to get these Christmas knick-knacks off †â€Å" â€Å"Just attempt hy-hy! Simply attempt hy-hy!† The appropriate response was somewhere close to the whinny of a pony and human discourse. â€Å"I stuck them on with PermaStick!† Tami included and afterward started chuckling a high and crazy note. â€Å"Oh, my God †Tamra, do you understand that if there isn't some dissolvable for this, you may require surgery?† Tami's answer was foul. There was additionally an unexpected foul smell. Actually no, not a smell, Elena thought: a gagging, gutcurdling odor. â€Å"Oops!† Tami gave that high, polished snicker once more. â€Å"Pardonmoi . At any rate it'snatural gas.† Matt made a sound as if to speak. â€Å"Elena †I don't figure we ought to be here. With her people gone and all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"They're anxious about me,† Tamra laughed. â€Å"Aren'tyou ?† †out of nowhere in a voice that had dropped a few octaves. Elena looked at Tamra without flinching. â€Å"No, I'm definitely not. I simply feel frustrated about a young lady who was in an unlucky spot. However, Matt's correct, I presume. We need to go.† Tami's entire way appeared to change. â€Å"I'm so sorry†¦. I didn't understand I had visitors of that bore. Try not to go, it would be ideal if you Matt.† Then she included a private murmur to Elena, â€Å"Is he any good?† â€Å"What?† Tami gestured at Matt, who quickly turned his back to her. He looked as though he felt a horrible, ghastly interest for Tami's silly appearance. â€Å"Him. Is he any acceptable in the sack?† â€Å"Matt, take a gander at this.† Elena held up a little container of paste. â€Å"I think she really did PermaStick that stuff to her skin. We need to call Child Protective Services or whatever, since no one took her to the clinic immediately. Regardless of whether her folks thought about this conduct or not, they shouldn't have quite recently left her.† â€Å"I simply hopethey're okay. Her family,† Matt said inauspiciously as they exited the entryway, with Tami coolly tailing them to the vehicle, and yelling offensive insights concerning â€Å"what a decent time† they had, â€Å"the three of them.† Elena looked at him precariously from her place in the front seat †with no ID or driver's permit, obviously, she realized she shouldn't drive. â€Å"Maybe we would be advised to take her to the police first. My God, that poor family!† Matt said nothing for quite a while. His jawline was set, his mouth horrid. â€Å"I feel by one way or another as though I'm liable. That is to say, I knew there was a major issue with her †I ought to have disclosed to her folks then.† â€Å"Now you're seeming like Stefan. You're not answerable for everybody you meet.† Matt gave her an appreciative look, and Elena proceeded, â€Å"In reality I will request that Bonnie and Meredith do one other thing, which demonstrates you're most certainly not. I will request that they mind Isobel Saitou, Jim's girlfriend.You've never had any contact with her, yet Tami may have.† â€Å"You mean you believe she has it, too?† â€Å"That's what I trust Bonnie and Meredith will discover out.† Bonnie halted abruptly, nearly losing her hang on Mrs. Forbes' feet. â€Å"I am not going into that bedroom.† â€Å"You need to. I can't deal with her alone,† Meredith said. At that point she included cajolingly, â€Å"Look, Bonnie, on the off chance that you go in with me, I'll reveal to you a secret.† Bonnie piece her lip. At that point she shut her eyes and let Meredith control her, bit by bit, more distant into this house of repulsiveness. She knew where the main room was †all things considered, she had played here since adolescence. Only a few doors down, at that point turn left. She was shocked when Meredith arrived at an abrupt stop after just a couple of steps. â€Å"Bonnie.† â€Å"Well? What?† â€Å"I would prefer not to alarm you, however †â€Å" This had the quick impact of frightening Bonnie. Her eyes snapped open. â€Å"What?What? † Before Meredith could answer she looked behind her in dread and saw what. Caroline was behind her. In any case, not standing. She was creeping †no, she was abandoning, the manner in which she had on Stefan's floor. Like a reptile. Her bronze hair, unkempt, hung down over her face. Her elbows and knees stood out at outlandish points. Bonnie shouted, yet the weight of the house appeared to hold the shout down her throat. The main impact it had was to make Caroline gaze toward her with a fast reptilian development of her head. â€Å"Oh, my God †Caroline, what happened to your face?† Caroline had a bruised eye. Or then again rather, a purplish-red eye that was swollen to such an extent that Bonnie realized it would need to turn dark in time. On her jaw was another purple growing wound. Caroline didn't reply, except if you tallied the sibilant murmur she gave while abandoning forward. â€Å"Meredith, run! She's privilege behind me!† Meredith animated her pace, looking terrified †all the all the more startling to Bonnie in light of the fact that basically nothing could shake her companion. Be that as it may, as they swayed forward, with Mrs. Forbes bobbing between them, Caroline left right under her mom and into the entryway of her folks' room, the main room. â€Å"Meredith, I won't go in th †† But they were at that point bumbling through the entryway. Bonnie shot speedy dashing looks into each corner. Caroline was no place to be seen. â€Å"Maybe she's in the closet,† Meredith said. â€Å"Now, let me go first and put her head on the most distant side of the bed. We can change her later.† She supported around the bed, practically hauling Bonnie with her, and dumped Mrs. Forbes' upper middle with the goal that her head laid on pads. â€Å"Now simply test her and put her sanity down on the other side.† â€Å"I can't do it. I can't! Caroline'sunder the bed, you know.† â€Å"She can't be under the bed. There's just around a five-inch clearance,† Meredith said immovably. â€Å"She's there! Iknow it. And† †rather furiously †â€Å"you guaranteed you'd reveal to me a secret.† â€Å"All right!† Meredith gave a complicit look through her tousled dim hair. â€Å"I transmitted Alaric yesterday. He's so out of sight the boonies that transmit is the best way to contact him, and it might be days before my message gets to him. I had a thought that we were going to require his recommendation. I feel terrible, requesting that he do ventures that aren't for his doctorate, yet †â€Å" â€Å"Who thinks about his doctorate? Godbless you!† cried B

Advice for Campus Visitations from the Admissions Staff - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Advice for Campus Visitations from the Admissions Staff - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Advice for Campus Visitations from the Admissions Staff Many students will have travel plans during the summer and for rising seniors those plans often include visiting colleges they plan to apply to in the fall. Here are some tips and advice from our admissions staff of things to keep in mind as you plan your campus visits. Do your homework. Go online to websites of the colleges you are visiting. Learn what you want to do while youre on campus. Check for visitation calendars, see if you need to register for a tour, etc. Review a campus map to become familiar with where you are going. If you are visiting UGA and you have an iPhone, download our Appwhich includes a campus map among its many features. Wear comfortable shoes. Campus tours will almost always include a walking tour. Now is not the time to break-in a new pair of shoes! Come prepared. Go ahead and start thinking about the questions you want to ask and write them down. You dont want to forget once youre there. Determine where you are going to need to park and find an address if youre using a navigational device. Be aware that while some areas may have visitor parking, this is not always free. Check the weather. Look online to see what the weather is going to be like the day of your visit. Bring an umbrella if theres a chance of rain. If its going to be hot bring plenty of water to stay hydrated. You may even want to consider packing sunscreen. Its also never a bad idea to layer your clothing as temperatures outside may change throughout the day. Plan for lunch. Visits often last at least a couple of hours and youre probably going to get hungry so go ahead and make plans for lunch. Do you want to try the food youll be eating as a UGA student on the meal plan? Check out the summer schedule for our Dining Halls here. Visitors are able to pay to eat at one of our award-winning Dining Halls, and its all you care to eat! There are also many great local restaurant options in downtown Athens. If you want to schedule your visit to the University of Georgia, sign up for a campus tour and First Year Information Session online herehttp://www.visit.uga.edu/ . Click here to learn more about visiting UGA! Go Dawgs!

Advertisements Are Everywhere The Eye - 2278 Words

Advertisements are everywhere. Everywhere the eye can see, it is likely to come across an ad whether it is a print, digital, or recorded advertisement. Worldwide there is a culture that is increasingly saturated with visual images that vary in purpose and intent. Print advertisements take advantage of the emotions and responses created by images to sell a variety of products. Advertising in magazines call into attention a product for sale, by manipulating potential customers into believing that their product is new, innovative, and a luxury that everyone must have. There are a wide range of messages in ads that suggest connections the product and a lifestyle. Publications like women’s magazines are particularly advertising oriented with page after page of glossy advertisements. The products marketed are often gender-specific, identifying women as a consumers with a special product needs. The Miss Dior perfume ad attempts to market high fashion luxury perfume, by promoting the ideology that the consumption of the women-specific perfume as a means to personal satisfaction-the dream life- in its explicit image of a women provocatively sitting in a chair dressed in luxurious formal clothing, succeeding in supporting the social myth that luxury and attractiveness of the model in the ad campaign can be attainable through purchasing the product. Dior, one of the world’s top fashion houses, is a French haute couture brand whose products range from clothing, handbags, glasses,Show MoreRelatedDoes Advertising Has Negative Effect on Teenagers?832 Words   |  4 PagesThese days, advertising could be found everywhere, no matter you are watching television, surfing the internet or even travelling on public transports. 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India s Growth Of The Indian Economy - 1517 Words

Now a day’s entrepreneurship is playing an excellent role in boosting up the Indian economy by working as driving force in the market. Many young entrepreneurs are coming forward and setting up their ventures in different parts of India. These initiatives are opening the way for plenty of jobs for the young jobseekers which is prime necessity for the development of any economy like India. (Quote this by current unemployment data). India is recognized as a talent hub in the world which shows that from here anybody can get skilled manpower as per their requirement, same is the case for the entrepreneurs they are not only having the guts to start-ups but their business ideas are innovative and business driven which is very essential in the†¦show more content†¦These rural people are not very much skilled but any how employers managed to get his work done but if another hand these rural people’s can be skilled by training and development programs than they can work more efficiently. Apart from this entrepreneurship has been witnessed drastic change in the living standard of rural people which is very necessary and positive sign in the development of any economy. To start up industries in the small towns or villages are more effective than starting up in the big cities where already many competitors are present. Due to availability of resources in a huge amount in the rural areas and less financial constraints manufacturing of goods tend to lower production cost by which product becomes more affordable to the rural people. Affordable goods enhancement the living standard of rural people and entrepreneurship in rural areas ensures the quality of education, food, cloths etc. apart from this entrepreneurship in rural areas tend to development and modernization of the place like better health facilities, transportation, schools and colleges these benefits not only put the root of Modern Village but also contributes in balanced development of the country. It’s more beneficial for the youth to starting a venture in their hometown instead in big cities. After taking into consideration the benefits of the entrepreneurship both central government and state government are taking many initiatives to

Iroquois Kinship System Free Essays

Iroquois Kinship System Anthony Sifuentes ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Instructor Mario Tovar March 5, 2012 The Iroquois is the group I have decided to do my research of kinship systems on. This will come from what I have found in the text of chapters three and four of the text. The Iroquois is a unilineal descent group. We will write a custom essay sample on Iroquois Kinship System or any similar topic only for you Order Now This means that descent is traced back through one sex or side of the family. They traced their bloodline through the female side of the family, meaning they were a matrilineal descent group. These groups are not as common as patrilineal descent groups, which trace their bloodlines through the male side of the family. Horticultural societies used the matrilineal descent group because of women having a key part of the food producing role. They also owned land. The likelihood of a society being or remaining a matrilineal society depends upon how much food is obtained from hunting and herding. The more meat and food gathered by men as a result of this will drive down the role of women as major food producers. The fact that descent groups extend beyond any one individual because it goes beyond any one person’s lifetime allows things to remain in a group for a long time. This includes property, land, hunting and fishing territories, animals, and even knowledge. Iroquois matrilineage gave women the right to fields and tools, since they were a horticultural society, this made sense. Women did most of the cultivating of the crops and they should have the rights to both the land and tools to reap what is sown. They also lived in longhouses. These were long structures in which nuclear families lived in different compartments inside the house. After marriage, the Iroquois were matrilocal, meaning the husband lived in the wife’s community or longhouse. The eldest woman of a matrilineage was the most influential in decision making, including the allocation of resources and property. (Nowak Laird, 2010, Chapter 4) This greatly differs from today’s society in that most of the bloodlines are traced back through the male’s side of the family. Also, most of the ecisions that I have heard of or seen are made and decided by the oldest or most respected man of a family. This is not to say one is more right than the other. In my own personal experience, on my father’s side, which is Mexican, my grandfather was the patrilineal leader of the family. The best way I can explain it is that my family roots for nuclear purposes goes to my grandparents on that side. Once my grandfather passed away, my grandmothe r took over as matrilineal leader. She passed away not long after him and that role was overtaken by my oldest aunt and her husband, with my aunt carrying the authority on that side. Marriage among the Iroquois had to be exogamous. This means that they had to marry outside their lineage or clan. The Iroquois kinship system recognizes two groups: parents and siblings who are too closely related to marry, and potential spouses and in–laws. A person may marry a cross-cousin, where parallel cousins are considered as close as siblings. Parallel cousins are treated to and referred to as siblings and their parents and treated to and referred to as parents. They are traced through matrilineage and are in the first group. In the Iroquois system, they cannot marry parallel cousins, but can and should marry cross-cousins. Sometimes referred to as the sibling-exchange system, it keeps wealth in the family and reasserts alliances between lineages. There are laws in American preventing cousins and family members from marrying. Aside from the legal ramifications, marrying within a nuclear family is dangerous, biologically. It is not as bad when it goes out as far as cousins, but there is a social stereotype against marrying someone close to you within the bloodline. I personally do not a problem with second or third cousins marrying, but I have never had to go through knowing or wondering if someone in my family or if I was going through the marriage process with a cousin. Marriages in the Iroquois society were easily dissolved. Since everything went through the female side of the marriage, the man was an outsider living in the village. If the woman did not want to be married to him anymore, she packed his belongings and left them on the steps of the longhouse. When the man returned, he saw his things, realized the marriage had been terminated and returned to his own village. Marriages in today’s society are much more differently dissolved. Today, we have to go through the process of dividing property, belongings, child support and visitation and well as money. A man or a woman cannot simply come home and realize a marriage is ended. We must go through courts and make sure that things are done according to laws. In what I have experienced, being married and divorced twice, people should think more before marrying. I do not regret marrying either time, but more thought should be put into it and more work should be put into marriages to make them last. Kinship affects my life in a very big way. My family lines are important to me and I enjoy finding out where I come from and who my ancestors were. I also live it every day, because I currently live with my girlfriend, who has two children that are not mine. I find it difficult to discipline them because I am not their father and struggle with ways to make the house work sometimes. I believe that kinship is important and should be talked about and worked on by all of us to make our lives easier. Reference Page Nowak, B. , Laird, P. (2010). Cultural anthropology. San Diego, Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https://content. ashford. edu How to cite Iroquois Kinship System, Essay examples

Capoiera Essay Example For Students

Capoiera Essay Capoeira is the common name for the group of African martial arts that came out of west Africa and were modified and mixed in Brazil. These original styles included weapons, grappling and striking as well as animal forms that became incorporated into different components and sub styles of the art. In 1500s the Portuguese, led by explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral, arrived in Brazil. One of the first measures taken by the new arrivals was the conquering of the local population, the Brazilian Indians, in order to allow the Portuguese slave labor for sugarcane and cotton. The experience with the Indians was a failure. The Indians quickly died in captivity or fled to their nearby homes. The Portuguese then began to import slave labor from Africa. On the other side of the Atlantic, free men and women were captured, loaded onto slave ships and sent on nightmare voyages that would end in bondage. The Africans first arrived by the hundreds and later by the thousands approximately four million in total. Three major African groups contributed in large numbers to the slave population in Brazil, the Sudanese group, composed largely of Yoruba and Dahomean peoples, the Mohammedanized Guinea-Sudanese groups of Malesian and Hausa peoples, and the Bantu groups among them Kongos, Kimbundas, and Kasanjes from Angola, Congo and Mozambique. The Bantu groups are believed to have been the foundation for the birth of capoeira. They brought with them their culture; a culture that was not stored in books and museums but in the body, mind, heart and soul. A culture that was transmitted from father to son, throughout generations. There was candomble, a religion; the berimbau, a musical instrument; vatapa, a food; and many other things. The Dutch controlled parts of the northeast between 1624 and 1654. Slaves took steps towards reconquest of their freedom when the Dutch fought against the Portuguese colony, invading towns and plantations along the northeastern coast, concentrating on Recife and Salvador. With each Dutch invasion, the security of the plantations and towns were weakened. The slaves, taking advantage of the opportunities, fled into the forests in search of places in which to hide and survive. Many, after escaping, founded independent villages called quilombos. The quilombos were very important to evolution of capoeira. There were at least ten major quilombos with economic and commercial relationships with neighboring cities. The quilombo dos Palmraes lasted sixty-seven years in the interior of the state of Alagoas, fighting off almost all expeditions sent to extinguish it. Because of the consistency and type of threat present, capoeira developed as a fight in the quilombos. The birth of capoeira as a fighting style was created in the slaves quarters and might not have developed further if left only to that environment. Starting around 1814, capoeira and other forms of African cultural expression suffered were prohibited in some places by the slave masters and overseers. Up until that date, forms of African cultural expression were permitted and sometimes even encouraged, not only as safety against internal pressures created by slavery but also to bring out the differences between various African groups, in a spirit of divide and conquer. But with the arrival in Brazil in 1808 of the Portuguese king Dom Joao VI and his court, who were fleeing Napoleon Bonapartes invasion of Portugal, things changed. The newcomers understood the necessity of destroying a peoples culture in order to dominate them, and capoeira began to be persecuted in a process, which would end with its being outlawed in 1892. Why was capoeira suppressed? There were many motives. First of all it gave Africans a sense of nationality. It also developed self-confidence in individual capoeira practitioners. Capoeira created small, cohesive groups. It also created dangerous and agile fighters. Sometimes the slaves would injure themselves during the capoeira, which was not desirable from an economical point of view. The masters and overseers were probably not as conscious as the king and his intellectuals of his court of all of these motives, but even still, they knew something didnt seem right. There are many other theories to explain the origins of capoeira. According to one well known theory, capoeira was a fight that was disguised as a dance so that it could be practiced without knowledge of the white slave owners. This seems unlikely because when African culture began to be repressed, other forms of African dancing suffered prohibition along with capoeira, so there would be no sense in disguising capoeira as a dance. Another theory says that the Mucupes in the South of Angola had an initiation ritual efundula for when girls became woman, on which occasion the young warriors engaged in the Ngolo, or dance of the zebras, a warriors fight-dance. According to this theory, the Ngolo was capoeira itself. This theory was presented by Camara Cascudo , but one year later Waldeloir Rego warned that this strange theory should be looked upon with reserve until it was properly proven something that never happened. If the NGolo did exist, it would seem that it was one of several dances that contributed to the creation of early capoeira. Other theories mix Zumbi, the legendary leader of the Quilombo dos Palmares with the origins of capoeira, without any reliable information on it. Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare and Antigone by Sophocles EssayThe capoeirista must play many instruments and sing. The capoeirista may attimes be your enemy but is usually a friend. The capoeirista is a historian. Thecapoeirista is all of these. Description: Capoeira consists of a form of dance,practiced in a circle called the roda, with sound backgroundprovided by percussion instruments, like the agogo and the atabaqui. The Berimbau is a non-percussion instrument that is always used onrodas. Capoeira relies heavily on kicks and leg sweeps for attacks and dodgesfor defenses. Is not uncommon to not be taught any kind of hand strike, thougharm positioning for blocks is taught.The ginga (the footwork ofCapoeira), consists in changing the basic stance (body facing the adversary,front leg flexed with body weight over it, the other leg stretched back) fromthe right leg to the left leg again and again. Capoeira also puts a heavyemphasis on ground fighting, but not grappling and locks. Instead, it uses aground stance (from the basic stance, you just fall over your leg stretchedback, flexing it, and leaving the front leg stretched ahead), from which youmake dodges, kicks, leg sweeps, acrobatics, etc. Hand positioning is importantbut it is used only to block attacks and ensure balance, though street fightingcapoeiristas use the hands for punches. When fighting, it is rare tostop in one stance, and in this case , you just follow your opponentwith your legs, preventing him from getting close, or preparing a fast acrobaticmove to take advantage when he attacks. The rest of the time, you just keepchanging stances and do the equivalent of boxing jabs. Players enterthe game from the peda roda (foot of the circle), usually with a cartwheel(au). Once in the circle, two players interact with a series of jumps, kicks,flips, head and handstands and other ritualistic moves. Games can be friendly ordangerous. The music plays an important role in the feel of the game. The typeof game being played, whether fast or slow, friendly or tough, depends on therhythm being played and the lyrics being said. Training: After a thoroughwarm-up, standing exercises are done, with emphasis on the ginga,and on the basic kicks: bencao, a front-stomping kick, martelo,a roundhouse kick, chapa, a side-kick, meia-lua, a lowturning kick, armada, a high turning kick, queixada, anoutside-inside crescent kick. Then walking sequ ences are done, with theintroduction of somersaults, back flips and headstands, in couples andindividual. Some more technical training follows, with couples beginning basicand slow, and then the whole class forms and goes for roda game forat least 30 minutes. Capoeira conditions and develops the muscles, especiallythe abdominal muscles. Sub-Styles: Regional style is capoeira in a moreartistic, open form, giving more way to athletic prowess and training. Angolastyle is a more closed, harder style that is closest to the original Africansystems that came to Brazil. Iuna is a totally athletic and artistic form of theart, where the couple inside the roda play together, as opposed toone against the other. Arts and Painting